Chronic inflammation has been linked to range of conditions linked to heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, and type-2 diabetes.Researchers from Harokopio University and the University of Athens also report a link to levels of the amino acid homocysteine, and the data appears to be in line with intervention studies using high dose betaine or choline supplementation, which have reported homocysteine reductions of up to 20 per cent (betaine, 1.5 to 6 grams per day).Few studies have investigated the effects of choline and betaine in terms of disease prevention because food composition databases were not available until only recently.The new study has taken advantage of these databases and reports that people with increased intake of choline, and its oxidation product betaine (found naturally in vegetables such as spinach), have lower levels of homocysteine."Our results support an association between choline and betaine intakes and the inflammation process in free-eating and apparently healthy adults," wrote lead author Paraskevi Detopoulou.Study detailsThe Athens-based researchers surveyed 1514 men and 1528 women aged between 18 and 89 taking part in the ATTICA Study with no cardiovascular disease.
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